The Truth About the Common Cold

What It Is, How It Spreads, and How to Stop It

The common cold is a troublesome infection that affects the nose and throat. It is especially contagious in environments like families, office spaces, and schools. Currently, there is no known cure. The condition often resolves within a week or ten days. Consult a physician if, after 10 days, you are still not feeling better.

The common cold can result from any one of more than 200 different viruses, but rhinoviruses cause most colds.

What are the symptoms of the common cold?

Common cold symptoms usually start 1 to 3 days after exposure to a cold virus. They can vary but rarely appear suddenly. Symptoms include:

Nasal Symptoms:

• Runny nose
• Congestion
• Loss of smell or taste
• Sneezing (occasional)

Head Symptoms:

• Sore throat
• Tickle sensation in the throat, dry throat
• Watery eyes
• Cough
• Headache

Whole Body Symptoms:

• Fever (low-grade, uncommon)
• Minor to moderate body aches
• Loss of appetite
• Chills
• Fatigue
• Chest discomfort

Symptoms usually last 7 to 10 days, peaking around day 5 and gradually improving. It may begin with a runny nose with clear nasal discharge, which later may turn yellowish or greenish. This change is normal and does not typically indicate a bacterial illness.

What causes the common cold?

There are an estimated 200 different virus strains that cause the common cold, with rhinoviruses being the most common. A cold virus enters the body through the mouth, eyes, or nose and spreads via:

• Droplets in the air when someone who is sick coughs, sneezes, or talks
• Direct contact with an infected person
• Using contaminated items like plates, towels, toys, or phones
• Touching your mouth, nose, or eyes after exposure to the virus

How is the common cold treated?

There is currently no vaccine available for the common cold due to the numerous viruses causing it. Most colds go away on their own within 7 to 10 days. Here are some tips to manage symptoms:

• Use over-the-counter decongestants and cough syrups
• Antihistamines to reduce nasal secretions and control coughing
• Rest and hydration
• Painkillers for headaches or fever
• Gargle warm salt water for a sore throat
• Apply petroleum jelly for dry skin around the nose and lips
• Use warm steam to relieve stuffiness